Designing a Resilience Model for Start-Ups: A Path to Startups Foresight

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in Organizational Entrepreneurship, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch

2 New Business Department, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Faculty member of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran

Abstract

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses.
Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software.
Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses.
Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Keywords


Adekola J., & Clelland, D. (2020). Two sides of the same coin: Business resilience and community resilience. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 28(1), 50-60.
Ahmadi Daniali, Arezoo., Qavidast Kuhpayeh, Mahboubeh. (2021). A Review of the Study of Knowledge Management in Startups.(in Persian)
 Aldianto ,Leo., Anggadwita,Grisna., Permatasari,Anggraeni ., Mirzanti,Isti Raafaldini., Williamson,Ian O. (2021) ,Toward a Business Resilience Framework for Startups,13(6),3132,1—19.
Ali Mohammadi .,Shokoofa .(2017). Identifying the critical success factors of startups located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. Master Thesis in International Business Management.(in Persian)
Amossé, T., Askenazy, P., Chevalier, M., Petit, H., Rebérioux, A.(2019) Industrial relations and adjustments to the crisis: A comparative micro-statistical analysis of France and Great Britain, International Labour Review.(1583)3,463-487.
Beninger S. & Francis J.N.P. (2021), Resources for Business Resilience in a Covid-19 World: A lation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 65(2),227-238.
Buheji, M., Ahmed, D. (2020). Foresight of Coronavirus (COVID-19) opportunities for a better world. American Journal of Economics, 10(2), 97-108.
Bukhori,Adkha (2021).The Role of Youth in Managing Educational Startup: Case Study of PrivatQ Startup, Research Horizon , 1(2), 62-70.
Bussey, M. (2013). Conceptual frameworks of foresight and their effects: Typology and applications. Foresight Russia, 7(3), 64-73.
Bussey, Marcus.(2014). Concepts and effects: ordering and practice in foresight, 16(1), 1-16.
Caseiro .,Nuno,Coelho.,Arnaldo.(2019)The   influence   of Business Intelligence capacity, network learning and   innovativeness on startups performance. journal of Innovation & Knowledge
Castro, M. P., & Zermeño, M. G. G. (2021). Being an entrepreneur post-COVID-19–resilience in times of crisis: a systematic literature review. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies,13(4),1-24.
Coates ,Joseph F. (2010).The future of foresight—A US perspective, Technological Forecasting & Social Change , 77 ,1428–1437.
Conz ,Elisa., Magnani, Giovanna.(2020). A Dynamic Perspective on the Resilience of Firms: A Systematic Literature Review and a Framework for Future Research, European Management Journal, 38(3), 400-412.
Dahles, H.; Susilowati, T.P. (2015).Business resilience in times of growth and crisis, annalsof tourismr esearch Ann, 51, 34–50.
Demyen, Suzana. (2022).From Fragility to Resilience—How Prepared Was the Romanian Business Environment to Face the COVID-19 Crisis?,15( 59),1-17.
Fallah,Mohammad Reza.(2020). Transforming the creation of dynamic resilience in the face of the Corona crisis in the field of start-up businesses, International Business Management , (Corona and Business Special Issue) Scientific-Research ,10 ,117 - 136 (in Persian)
Gariboldi, M. I., Lin, V., Bland, J., Auplish, M., & Cawthorne, A. (2021). Foresight in the time of COVID-19. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 6. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/)
Granig, P., & Hilgarter, K. (2020). Organisational resilience: a qualitative study about how organisations handle trends and their effects on business models from experts’ views. International Journal of Innovation Science, 12, 525-544.
Haase,   Alexander ., Eberl ,Peter.(2019) The  Challenges of Routinizing for Building Resilient Startups, Journal of  small business management, 57(52),579-597.
Hajizadeh ,Ali., Valliere ,Dave. (2022).Entrepreneurial foresight: Discovery of future opportunities,135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102876.
Hite, L. M., & McDonald, K. S. (2020). Careers after COVID-19: challenges and changes. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 427-437.
Jafari, Mostafa Foroughi., Nemat Elahi, Gholamreza. (2021). Identifying and ranking the success factors of startups located in the technology park of the campus of the University of Science and Technology by AHP method..(in Persian)
Ketonen-Oksi, S. (2022). Developing organizational futures orientation - A single case study exploring and conceptualizing the transformation process in practice. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 69(2), 537-55.
Kim Young-Tae (2020)The effect of entrepreneurship education and mentoring on entrepreneurship-focusing  on the mediating effect of self-efficacy and resilience. Journal of Venture Innovation, 3(1),1-26.
Kovoor-Misra, S. (2020). The impetus for resilience and change in business education and management research. Journal of Management Inquiry, 29(2), 128-133.
Kowsar ,Zahra., Nedayi, Amin., Seyed Naqavi, Mir Ali.(2020) Effective factors and consequences of organizational resilience, Management research in Iran,23(4),1-22.(in Persian)
Lee ,ong-Seon., Na-mi, Kim.(2019) .The effect of entrepreneurial failure attribution orientation on re-startup: Focusing on the moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and resilience .Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship ,14(3), 13-26.
Limnios, E.A.M.; Mazzarol, T.; Ghadouani, A.; Schilizzi, S.G. (2014).The resilience architecture framework: Four organizational archetypes. Eur. Manag, 32, 104–116.
Marinković, M., Al-Tabbaa, O., Khan, Z., & Wu, J. (2022). Corporate foresight: A systematic literature review and future research trajectories. Journal of Business Research, 144, 289-311.
McKnight, B., Linnenluecke, M. K. (2016). How firm responses to natural disasters strengthen community resilience: A stakeholder-based perspective. Organization & Environment, 29(3), 290-307.
Mohsen, Keshavarz Turk., Shahriar ,Shirooyehpour., Zavoshti ,Mahdi Gholizadeh. (2021) Strategic Foresight of Iranian Government Human Resources With an Emphasis on The Role of Technology on The Horizon of 1424, Semiannual Journal of Iran Futures Studies , 5 (2), 67-92.(in Persian).
Mont ,Oksana ., Steven Kane, Curtis., Voytenko Palgan, Yuliya .(2021). Organisational Response Strategies to COVID-19 in the SharingEconomy, 28,52-70.
Portuguez Castro, M. and Gómez Zermeño, M.G. (2021), "Being an entrepreneur post-COVID-19 – resilience in times of crisis: a systematic literature review",  13( 4), 721-746.
Purwanti ,Lilik ., Hapsari, Raditha.(2022). Analyzing the Role of Business Resilience as SME’s Core Competence to Improve Business Performance on Pandemic Crisis: A Study on Indonesian’ SMEs, 206,276-284.
Rees GH, Crampton P, Gauld R, MacDonell S.(2018). The promise of complementarity: using the methods of foresight for health workforce planning. Health Serv Manag Res,31(2),97–105.
Rehman Seresht ,Hossein., Dehdashti , Zohreh ., Khashei ,Vahid ., Doost Mohammadian ,Shahideh .(2016) Resilience Model of Startups in Information and Communication Technology Industry (Multi-Case Study with Historical Approach), Improving Management in the Fourteenth , 2 (48),1-32.(in Persian)
Rohrbeck, R. (2010). Towards a maturity model for organizational future orientation. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 1–6.
Rohrbeck, R., & Kum, M. E. (2018). Corporate foresight and its impact on firm performance: A longitudinal analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 129(4), 105–116.
Sadma ,Oki(2021) .The Role of Environmental-Based “Green Startup” in Reducing Waste Problem and its Implication to Environmental Resilience,1(3),106-114.
Scarlingella, Laurent. (2017) .Involvement of “Ostensible Customers” in really new innovation: Failure of a start-up, journal-of-engineering-and-technology-management ,43,1-18.
Schutte ,Flip., Mberi, Faith. (2020). resilience as survival trait  for startup entrepreneurs, Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal,26(1),1-15.
Schwarz, J. O., Rohrbeck, R., & Wach, B. (2020). Corporate foresight as a microfoundation of dynamic capabilities. Futures & Foresight Science, 2(2), e28.
Shirmohammadi, Y., Nikmanesh, Sh., Hassannejad, F. (2021). The effect of product innovation and marketing on product internationalization in startups and start-ups,3(2) , 81-101.(in persian)
Spee, JC.(2020). Transformation and Resilience at the University of Redlands. Journal of Management Inquiry,29(2),139-144.
Sundström  , Gunilla ., Hollnagel , Erik. (2012),  Learning How to Create Resilience in Business Systems. In book: Resilience Engineering.235-252.
Van de Ven, A.H. and Poole, M.S. (1995). “Explaining Development and Change in Organizations,” Academy of Management Review, 20( 3),510-540.
van der Steen, M., van Twist, M., van der Vlist, M. and Demkes, R. (2011), "Exploring the future through creative competition: the RWS2020‐project", Foresight, 12 ( 5), 41-57.
Veselovsky,m.f.,Nikonorova,alla.,Yakovlevich,m.,Krasyukova.,Bitkina,i.v.,Stepanov,a,a.(2017). The Development of Innovative Startups in Russia:The Regional Aspect, Academy of Strategic Management Journal,16(1),197-208
Yuan,Ruizhi., Luo,Jun., J.Liu Martin., Yu, Jiang(2022) Understanding organizational resilience in a platform-based sharing business: The role of absorptive capacity.Journal of Business Research. 141,  85-99.
Zhang,Stephen x.,cueto,Javier.(2017).The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship, 41(3):419–454