The Democracy Puzzle in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Power, Challenges, and Future Scenarios

Talebian, Seyed Mohammadsadegh; Badie Khamseh Fard, Seyed Mohammad Hosein

doi:10.30479/jfs.2025.21769.1619

The Democracy Puzzle in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Power, Challenges, and Future Scenarios

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Political Science Department, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Political Sciences, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran

² Future Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Management, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran.

10.30479/jfs.2025.21769.1619

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine the various dimensions of the interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) and democracy in shaping power structures within democratic societies and to propose potential future scenarios. In this regard, the study seeks to answer how AI can alter power structures and what possible futures can be envisioned for democracy in this era.
Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, a descriptive-analytical and mixed-method approach was employed. Data collection tools included document analysis, expert panel discussions with specialists in relevant fields, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques and the study's theoretical framework.
Findings: The research findings are categorized into three key areas: "Weight of the Past," "Pressures of the Present," and "Attraction of the Future." The results indicate that democratic legacies and historical experiences, opportunities and challenges posed by AI, and democratic aspirations are crucial forces shaping the future of democracy in the AI era. Scenario analysis reveals that AI can both enhance democracy and citizen participation while also leading to power concentration, mass surveillance, and public opinion manipulation.
Conclusion: The scenarios highlight that the future of democracy in the AI era is highly dependent on current decisions and policymaking. A set of recommendations at the policy, institutional, social, and individual levels is proposed, including the formulation of smart regulations, strengthening oversight institutions, empowering citizens, and supporting democratic initiatives. The study emphasizes that through collaboration among various stakeholders, AI can be leveraged to enhance democracy.

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